Research

NAD+: What the Research Shows NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a naturally occurring dinucleotide coenzyme composed of two nucleotides (one bearing a nicotinamide base, the other an adenine base) joined through a pair of phosphate groups. It is one of the most extensively studied coenzymes in biochemistry, where it functions in research models as an […]

Tesamorelin: What the Research Shows Tesamorelin is a stabilized synthetic peptide analog of growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). It is a 44-residue GHRH(1-44) sequence carrying an N-terminal modification that increases its stability relative to native GHRH, and it is studied in preclinical research as a tool compound for investigating GHRH-receptor signaling and the growth-hormone axis in research […]

IGF-1 LR3: What the Research Shows IGF-1 LR3 (Long R3 IGF-1) is a synthetic 83-amino-acid analog of human insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). It differs from native IGF-1 by an arginine substitution at position 3 and a 13-residue N-terminal extension, modifications that increase its stability and reduce its binding to IGF-binding proteins in research models. […]

AOD-9604: What the Research Shows AOD-9604 is a synthetic 16-amino-acid peptide modeled on the C-terminal region of the human growth-hormone (hGH) molecule, specifically the hGH(177-191) fragment with an added N-terminal tyrosine. It is studied in preclinical research as a tool compound for investigating fat-metabolism and lipid-pathway signaling in research models, independent of the full growth-hormone […]

Selank: What the Research Shows Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide (seven amino acids) based on the immunomodulatory peptide tuftsin, with a stabilizing Pro-Gly-Pro extension. It is studied in preclinical research as a tuftsin-fragment analog and tool compound for investigating neurochemistry in animal and cell-culture research models. Selank is a fully synthetic analog and does not […]

BPC-157 vs TB-500: How the Two Compounds Compare in the Research BPC-157 and TB-500 are two distinct research peptides that are frequently studied (and frequently searched) alongside one another. This page compares their verified chemical identity and the preclinical research models in which each appears. It does not compare human outcomes and does not recommend […]

CJC-1295 (No DAC) vs Ipamorelin: How the Two Compounds Compare in the Research CJC-1295 No DAC and Ipamorelin are two distinct research peptides that both appear in growth-hormone-axis pharmacology literature and are frequently studied side by side. This page compares their verified chemical identity and the preclinical research models in which each appears. It does […]

MOTS-c vs NAD+: How the Two Compounds Compare in the Research MOTS-c and NAD+ are two distinct research compounds that both appear in cellular-metabolism and mitochondrial-biology literature, and are frequently searched and catalogued together. This page compares their verified chemical identity and the preclinical research models in which each appears. It does not compare human […]

CJC-1295 No DAC: What the Research Shows CJC-1295 No DAC, also called Modified GRF 1-29 (Mod GRF 1-29), is a synthetic analog of the first 29 amino acids of growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH 1-29). It carries four amino-acid substitutions that improve stability relative to native GHRH but, unlike the DAC-bearing version, does not include the Drug […]

Ipamorelin: What the Research Shows Ipamorelin is a synthetic pentapeptide (sequence Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2) classified as a growth-hormone secretagogue (GHS) that acts as a selective agonist at the ghrelin / growth-hormone-secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a). In preclinical research it is noted for a high selectivity profile (in animal models it stimulates growth-hormone release with minimal effect on cortisol, prolactin, […]